Thanks for your fast reply!
Your assumptions are correct. The actual directory I am launching from is
E:\Dropbox\private\projects\solariad\redist
and that's what IntelliJ is configured for as "working directory". The libraries get copied under that (and yes, I checked, they are there

.
Neither of your two suggested VM options works for me, unfortunately. Not with os/arch specifics either.
What I posted was, as far as I can tell, the full stacktrace. Same as what printStackTrace() prints. The "7 more" are on lines 2 to 8. Is there some method to get even more detail? I tried System.setProperty("org.lwjgl.util.Debug","true"); but it didn't print anything particularly useful, just the version number for LWJGL.